Virtual Realities

"Virtual Realities provides an engaging, wide-ranging tour of virtual reality and beyond; with a good eye for balanced appraisal, careful consideration, and understanding of VR in context. A nuanced guide to evaluating VR applications, with an important emphasis upon direct experience and the potential to help researchers and developers produce experiences capable of instigating more meaningful change in the world."

— Tom Garner, University of Portsmouth

Virtual Realities presents a ground-breaking application of phenomenology as a critical method to explore the impact of immersive media. Specific case studies examine 360-degree documentary productions about trauma, virtual military simulations, VR exposure therapy for anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder, and the emerging debate about regulating violent content in immersive media gaming. By addressing these texts primarily as experiences, Virtual Realities deploys an analytic and critical methodology that is sensitive to the bodily and cognitive impact of immersive media, especially via the body of an appropriately attentive researcher-critic. 

Virtual Realities provokes a rethinking of many of the taken-for-granted ideas and assumptions circulating in the field of immersive media. These include concepts of empathy, embodiment, the affective impact of textual and immersive properties on the users’ experience, as well as the “gee-whizz” mentality often associated with approaches to the medium. The case studies provide fresh engagement with immersive media such as cinematic VR at a time when dominant attitudes about the technology display an evangelical fascination with VR and other mixed realities as inexorably beneficial. Virtual Realities makes a compelling case for VR-phenomenology to be employed as a methodology by humanities scholars and also in cross-disciplinary applications of immersive media in fields such as psychology, human-computer interaction studies and the health sciences. 

Stuart Marshall Bender is senior lecturer in the School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry at Curtin University. His research expertise in violent media aesthetics and emotional impact is the focus of multiple digital and immersive media productions, monographs, and journal articles.  

Mick Broderick is adjunct professor of media and creative arts at Curtin University. He has produced over 100 scholarly works, including research monographs, edited books, journal articles, book chapters, curated exhibitions and digital media productions.